============================: THU.OCT,991028 :============================19:30|  NYAS  Orthopedic Engineering . Karen Warden . 2 E 63 .Case Western : 10 yrs in Acadamia , consultant , FDA . `99 Volvo Low BackPain|19:41| 1862 : Edwin Smith Egypt Papyrus . spinal & long bone fractures . Statics : Free Body Force Diagram equilibrium . Kinematics : Maure - Muybridge . gait analysis .  Beautiful Baseball pitch trajectory . Dynamics . Kinetics - forces , torques , presures , & work .  Calf spine motions vs loads .  then created defect . Strengths of materials : Bone : Collagen Hydroxyapatite matrix .  Spongy bone .  Viscoelastic - strength depends on time scale - speed .  Functional adaptation : Wolff 1894 : Fnctional Adaptation - self optimizing  structure . Stress around implant . mediation of adaptation not understood Finite Element analysis . Connective Tissue - articular cartilage - porous fluid-filled exudiedin  front of pressure peak . pumps neutrients too . Tendons ( meat to meat or bone  ) - ligaments - bone to bone .  collegen & elastic fibres . Muscles - myacin climbing along actin .Non Bio- materials . Lister - aseptic tek in 1860s . steel in 1900s - 30s cobalt crom moly stanless steel  ., `40s first use of titanium WWII PMMA acrylics - low rejection . Hi molecular weight polyethelene . PAEKeytones composite base Ceramics coated for biocompatability . Biocompatability : Material response - swelling leaching , corrosion ,  friction . Host Response : inflamation & foreign body reaction . specific allergys -  eg , nickle ; toxicity & mutogenicity ; Adaptation .  seeks optimal mechanical load - resorbed away from stiff metal  Device related osteoporosis in bone Jules Pen 1893 : sholder , platnum joint replacement surgury .  can replace almost any joint now day , finger , hip , knee  600k % yr . Fracture Fixation devices - promote bony fusion .  @ curve of spine . carbon polymer imagining xparent - can see bone heal . Need to speak w : Marketing - white papers . Surgeon argot - bent screw to  turn angle . Researchers -  esoteric -  testing methods .  Tek writers FDA : Slide image : possum run over by mid road yellow stripes .  Rules & regs - perfect people in unbelievable system .  Try to create 'comfort level ' .  Stage 3 clinical  - 5-7 yr . Patent Attnys : have own precise language . need to know current tek & your  difference - lab notebook . Failure : patient non-compliance . materials , surgeon . Litigation Attnys : don`t speak at all .Scoliosis - Future : materials  ; osteogenic growth factors . bioresorbable Ceramics . Hydro gels for disk replacements . | Slide : Portugese Chapel built of bones   for halowen |20:43|Qs ? Ligaments - sprains ? not my specialty . Knee carbon fibre braids .  problem : splintered . Transplantation . | Sacrum replacement ? custom | | chin on chest osteoporotic  wedge collapse of vertebrae | Silicone rubber ?  finger joint failed faster . In spine , interfaced w  titanium , didn`t grip & poor lateral strength . | Airport detectors  IDs : generally not set off . |  desperate need of new materials . composite w closer modulus to natural .  better tripological properties . | Cements ? some , roughen surface . Finite element Analysis ? Titaniums too stiff . | magnets ? no really solid evidence of value .  memory metals | deep wound infection problem in old wounds .|21:4|  new joints - closer to $25k than $100k .  This is what interests me ; see http://cosy.com/trnsprt/seizure.htm >

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