Subject: Conf on Drug Policy in NY Fri Mar 17 Sat Mar 18, Program & Registration Info Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 12:00:20 -0500 From: Polly Cleveland To: fishj@stjohns.edu IS OUR DRUG POLICY EFFECTIVE? ARE THERE ALTERNATIVES? A Two-Day Multidisciplinary Conference presented by The Association of the Bar of the City of New York The New York Academy of Medicine The New York Academy of Sciences supported by The David H. Cogan Foundation LeBoeuf Lamb Greene & MacRae, LLP sponsored by All Souls Unitarian Church Center for Community Alternatives Continuum Health Partners (Beth Israel Hospital, Long Island College Hospital, New York Eye and Ear Hospital, Roosevelt-St. Luke's Hospital) Criminal Justice Policy Foundation La Bodega de la Familia NY Society for Ethical Culture Osborne/Correctional Association Phoenix House Foundation Religious Leaders for a More Just and Compassionate Drug Policy Voluntary Committee of Lawyers * Friday March 17, 2000, 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue at 103rd St, New York, NY 10029 * Saturday March 18, 2000, 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 42 West 44th Street, New York, NY 10036 _________________________________________ PROGRAM DAY ONE Friday March 17, 2000 at the New York Academy of Medicine (1216 Fifth Avenue [at 103rd Street], New York, NY 10029) 8:30 - 9:00 a.m. Registration (for both days or only day one) and continental breakfast buffet 9:00 - 9:10 a.m. David Vlahov, PhD, NYAM, introducing Jeremiah Barondess, MD, President of NYAM--Welcome |9:16| transmittable . criminal . Moral turpitude e . how achieve incremental action . 9:10 - 9:15 a.m. Acknowledgments, and brief overview of the two days Jefferson Fish, PhD--St. John's University 9:15 - 10:15 a.m. What Are the Objectives of Our Drug Policy? (Chair, Hon. Milton Mollen) resources for dealing effectively , Edward H. Jurith, Esq.--General Counsel, Office of National Drug Control Policy |9:58| McCraffry 10 yr strategy : Goal : reduction & elimination of dangerous use of illegal drugs . Measurement system . Goals : educated youths reduce drug-related crime & violence . health & social costs Shield air land & sea from drug threat Break foreign & domestic drug source of supply . [ frightening ! ] Budget 19.2 up from 2.0 in `86 . .49 domestic policing . 11 M mj in 98 frm 23.8 in 179 || cock 5.7 in 85 , 1.7 in 98 . .099 ' last month' drug use in Teens . Major reduction of coke use 5.7 3.1 1.7 --- 1.75 , M users 85 , 88 90 -- 98 MJ same decline at beginning of Regan , flat since . Heroin : 128 216 235 130 ; 79 96 97 98 . K 'LM' users . Amphetamine hospitalizations up . MJ use same W B H ethnic grps . been rising . MJ teens reported more aggressive behavior . Treatment effective 32 B$ not enough . only reaching 2.4 M users [ Y |10:31| Former Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke : Talk of Treatment refreshing . War on Drugs must be primarily Pub Health issue . Was Baltimore Chief Prosecutor . saw futility . Were making drugs more lucrative . `88 called for new look . Drugs continue to be at core of Crime & Aids . Heroin & Prostitute carried AIDS . Medicalization . treat as decease . Maintenance - legal distribution Do have needle exchange . Baltimore got pariphinalia law loosened . 1.4M needles to 6k addicts . Johns Hopkins showed .4 reduction in AIDS more got Treatment . Reduction in needle sharing . Chief Bauler 1936 : police w never solve . Surgeon General , not Attorney General . |10:46| 10:15 - 10:30 a.m. Coffee Break 10:30 - 11:30 a.m. Overviews of Drug Policy Effectiveness (Chair, ) David Musto, MD--Yale Medical School |9:25| Why not med uses made illegal :? Risk Reduction era . Jerry Rubin had dietitian in later life anti alcohol in 1830s & 40s . Alcohol extended to opiates , tobacco , mj , & synthetic . use of 1890s peak . Heroin Bayer (tm) . coke ParkDavis tonic 1885 . tonic . started | Taft : most threatening of drug habits . No physician associations in 19th century . 1905 ; First step informational labeling of Patent Med . then started restricted amnt . Cocaine most feared by 1915 . Eugene O`Neal`s : Long Days Journey into Night . Link of Coke to Blacks @ period of greatest suppression of voting . 2 waves of drug use : 1910 , 1980 . falling drug use after fear . Harrison anti drug laws increased to Death for Heroin by 1950s . 1934 restriction of showing drug use in film . Fall in property ( & violent ) crime has been declining for 20 yrs , not highly correlated w rates of drug use . |9:55| Eric Sterling, Esq.--President, Criminal Justice Policy Foundation |10:47| born 2 blocks N 50 yrs ago . Policy not effective ? Death 7100 14k since `79 | More available now than since `75 . Heroin more available MDMA Ecstasy , LSD more available than ever .46 . MJ use tripled in last decade . .006 - .016 LSD use in 8th grade . Price gram `81 to `98 140 no w 44$ 1200 - 300 % gram for Heroin purity now 5x better . 8.9 to 9.3 in `91 - `96 . Treatment 1.9 m % yr . Figures from ' Ntnl Drug Strategy ' study . McCafrey asking for 1.8B$ helicopters for Columbia . Colombia went from 0 to 3rd largest producer of Opium . Drug dealers can`t sue - | Book : In the shadow of the White House . Decline of violence due to regularization of mkt . Last chart showing "Drug Policy working " : rev of bureau up to 19B$ Employ 83K people authorized to carry guns & make arrests , up .11 in last 2 yrs . Potempkin village fraud . Effects : Corruption - racial violence 24k in 57 138k | .68 drugs Fed prison pop - `80 `90 `99 . 41 kingpins out of 24k |11:10| Qs : Alcohol Prohibition not outlawed possession ? Musto : Right , Jones act `29 | how convince politicians ? Schmoke : like CA & NM . referenda . Objective data by Distinguished Groups . Been taking on State Dept over Cuban client . Enough , Would not invade Colombia . make it .7 medical . | Comptroller office : recidivism ? ES : better for Robber to be a drug abuser so could get treatment instead of jail . | Why Tobacco escape 1st wave ? Musto : Several states did outlaw . WW1 made it almost patriotic . |11:28| 11:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Impact of Drug Policy on Human Rights and Minorities (Chair, William E. Hellerstein, Esq.--Brooklyn Law School) |11:40| Was head of Prisoners rights Legal Aid . impact on human rights : Right of Privacy . One can only wince . Distorted our Constitution . Dawn Day, PhD--Dogwood Center | Activist Scholar . Stats on energy , AIDs Role of Racial profiling of Drug injectors . 20k new IDU AIDs cases permit sale of syringes . | 196.9 16.9 | % 100k pop B , W | AIDs among IDUs B/W ratios : Ever used needle .8 , in last yr 1.7 ; her 1.4 , last yr 1.8 | Overdose deaths - | B/W ratio 1.7 1.5 | Med Care differential | <= 2.6 Profiling | IDUs fear of arrest if carrying needle . B/W ratio for sale & pos , 4.4 , . pos 3.8 | Blacks Marc Mauer--Sentencing Project | " America behind Bars " . |12:2| Central role of .5 to 1.5M arrests 80 to now . 11 x as many incarcerated . Drug | .21 up to .31 | Blacks of tot arrests . Crack Blacks .85 of those prosecuted . Blacks prosecuted in Fed Ct . Police would say making up for previous under service . Book : Making Crime Pay . over last 15 yrs politicians have lead opinions . Abraham bill would increase powder - blacks & Hispanics . Clinton mixed msg . 100k cops & treatment | w have .5 more people in prison over term . |12:16| Julie Stewart--Families Against Mandatory Minimums | Bro got 5yrs for MJ growing in garage in `90 . showed neighbor . snitched . gave up Bro Was working @ CATO . Human right issue . put into Fed sys for no particular reason . Judge Nichols said don`t want to , but must sentence to 5 yrs . Young Prosecutor had whole control . Laws written in `86 , `88 . | > 100 MJ plants : 5 yrs . Rockefeller 4 oz : 15 yr | MI `78 : 650 grams coke or Heroin : Life | Tim Allen 30 Kilos talked & went to fed sys | Jedona , just girlfriend 3K H : sentenced @ 22 to Life . |12:27| Q : Given AIDs in Africa , that a factor ? ratio 5 % 1 in hetro sex . FAME keeps arms length from Drug legalization issue ? Distinction : general issue of fundamental fairness of mand sentences for anything . Michael Meyers--NYC Civil Rights Coalition 12:30 p.m. - 1:30 p.m. Buffet lunch at NYAM 1:30 - 1:40 p.m. Henry Moss, PhD, NYAS, introducing Rodney Nichols, President of NYAS--Welcome |13:38| Chmn is Bill Green ex-congressman . Rodney Physics @ Rockefeller . difficult to be able to treat . Lot of Junk science abt addiction . disorganization of teaching environment . What is feasible social experiment . Rivlan @ Brookings abt War on Poverty not working . 1:40 - 3:25 p.m. Living with Our Drug Policy (The effects of current policy on everyday life in the United States, and specifically on the professions represented by NYAS, NYAM, and ABCNY--scientists, physicians, attorneys, judges, and others associated with the legal system.) (Chair, Thomas H. Haines, PhD--City University of New York) |13:36| |13:44| Addictions not necessarily substances . Is head of biomed @ CUNY . Charles D. Adler, Esq.--ABCNY Drug policy on everyday life . Policy is Interdiction . $s go to interdiction - all police , prisons . Byproducts : Privacy , some kinds gone for ever . Gov can pinpoint our activities . Traditionally invasion reactive to specific crimes . Drug laws must be prosecuted proactively - intrusive into all to find some . Drug profile : off plane first , last , or buried in middle . 40k reported random stops on street - mostly minorities . Yesterday Police approached man on 8th av . Asked to buy MJ . man ended up dead . Inevitable consequence . ~ .75 wiretaps drug law . Cash beyond everyday has become contraband . 150 Fed Judges have abdicated responsibility to protect privacy . 4th amendment disappeared & rest of BoR shredded . Led by General in WhiteHouse . More power to the Gov is less power to Citizen to prevent intrusion . PA : drug use in prison : 6 died of ODs in `95 `96 . New drug interdiction launched . Inmates found w be prosecuted . Urinalysis , dogs , movement monitor calls . pre .106 tested positive - in cell drug finds down from 1866 1009 . Data Driven . Some indicator go up some down . What data set w admin accept as indication that policy wrong . Terence Farley, Esq.--Director, Narcotics Strike Force, Ocean County New Jersey |14:2| Happy to be here . disagrees w us but respects our right to hold this . 1st comment : Racial - crack MN black community insisted . JessieJackson - as long as we trading drugs among each other not on moral high ground . Was originally a defense lawyer . Formed county wide Jersey Shore Strike force . Was head of NJ Law enforcement . Send 20 -30 men out every day , including son , out to interdict . Min Man sentences . Schumer : very few egregious cases . He sets prosecutor - Fed Judges have led fight to legalize drugs . 200 people sentence to life in MN . Bad facts make bad law . Overzealous prosecutors , cops . Avg criminal 13 crimes 400k vs 35k . J&J . Is a Zealot . Ethan Russo, MD--University of Montana |14:16| Cannabis therapeutics : Migraines . Sched 1 drug research : , hasn`t smoked MJ in years but grandfather - brewed beer during prohibition . Mescaline from Peyote for migraine . ergot alkaloids . DMT is found in trace amnts in brain . "controlled substance analogs " loose law . Cannabis been used for millennia for headaches . Arsenic would be easier to get & use . 30 people , no neurologists on panel turned down . Sumerian data 2000BC , Queen Victoria prescribed cannabis for menstrual migraine . 23.6 M migraine sufferers , mostly 0+ . Cannabis or Cabernet ? Lester Grinspoon, MD--Harvard Medical School |14:30| Book : MJ the Forbidden Med . Myths abt Cannabis : " MJ Reconsidered " When it resumes its proper role in pharmacopoeia lost in `41 w be one of least toxic . Now switching to sched 2 would not be enough . FDA safety tests > 200M$ - $600M per drug per indication . Marijuana record of safety . 1-2000 people die from aspirin each yr . Pharmicuticalization of MJ . HU211 analog . Dexanabalol protects brain cells after stroke . Marinol not as effective as smoked whole plant . Therapeutic ratio estimated to be 20-40 K | Marinol more expensive than street . 700k arrests for MJ % yr now Hon. Robert W. Sweet --US District Court Judge |14:53| Subcommittee report | Salutes TomH & Fish | Been Judge for 22 yrs - changed view . dep mayor here in `60s when methadone treatment started . `88 Man Min sentence on PR bouncer at drug store . Policy which did not make sense . Would he say publicly what said in a bar ? did in `89 . System not work 20 10M have been arrested for MJ . Expanding exponentially . Byproduct random violence - territorial . Blacks .12 of pop , maybe .2 of users . .5 of imprisoned . Drug War exception to the Bill of Rights . Why does it keep on . 150B$ % yr mkt . 20x markup from source to street . One of America`s major industries . Analogy w Alcohol Prohibition is precise . Moral issue ; Gov not being honest like in Vietnam war . What happened to RS ? not much . still has job . Congressional Study of Violence & drugs never studied . Is progress in Referenda , NY Gov Johnson . Legalizers - Abolitionists . Drugs should be sold only to Adults . thru drug stores . Purchasers Identified . 150B$ would be saved ? & Maybe Honesty & truth can be restored to Gov . If 9th amendment not protection against gov criminalizing MJ , why not Gov have right to criminalize everything ? all drug use effects others . Did not answer Q . MJ smoking ? LG : exaggerated . only smoke enough to get effect . Canabanoids come away at below burning point of plant . Why no depression studies ? Because can`t get any studies approved on anything . Manhattan Inst Study : Man min sentences not cost effective ? TF : 400k irrelevancy . CA : Total entrapment including supplying chemicals to make drugs then TF : Prohibition was success . Liver decease down . Homicide rate down . ? RS : stats hard to get . need to see your sources . TF : ref . Aud : calling out : Are ? Switz 40x Heroin increase . |15:32| w TF : claimed 195k hospital admissions for MJ . JohnPerry & I got him to admit he didn`t care what we adults did to ourselves . 3:25 - 3:40 p.m. Coffee break 3:40 - 5:30 p.m. Panel on Education, Prevention, and Treatment (Chair, ) PART I Joel Brown, PhD--Center for Educational Research and Development |16:10| Resilience Education www.cerd.org . Anti Drug use 9 studies show no effect , 3 show sig harm - increased use , cognitive dissonance , leaving schools . Special issue on 0 effects of drug 2 M youths have be removed from school for drugs ; 10x fire arms , 3x any weapons . 0 tolerance policies extend problems far beyond experimentation . Decrease Adult Credibility . Today`s ed virtually same as 100 yrs ago . Resilience training : .7 youth thrive despite adversity . Participation Observation , Use , abuse , misuse distinctions . Including licit drugs . Rodney Skager, PhD, UCLA |15:57| only One Candidate never used MJ , because in Hanoi prison . Use has been "Normalized" among teens . Education must be honest . Indoctrination fails & are disconfirmed . Piaget Formal reasoning . Notion of inoculation of pre-teens . Admin claims drugs response to deficit in self-esteem , life skills . Teens spend little time w adults . Why kids use drugs ? to have fun , curious . became major answer . Refusal skills . Adolescent today accept 'do your own thing ' behaviors G. Alan Marlatt, PhD--University of Washington |16:30| Addictive behavior Harm reduction : Binge Drinking . some sex gamble eating Killers Tobacco , Diet , Alcohol , Microbial agents , Toxin , Firearms , Motor Vehicles , Illicit Drugs . Pub Health alt to moral/criminal & decease models . Harm reduction : reduce intensity , freq , effects of use . Driver Ed - Drinker training . 4 yr follow up of brief intervention : Lifestyle `94 study . Rutgers Alcohol problem index . met for 2 40min motivational interviews Gave feedback . PART II David Vlahov, PhD--NYAM |16:47| Infectious IDU AIDS . 3000 Baltimore IDUs - .95+ cooperation . self-community advisory board . Period of highest risk - neophyte users . young teach younger . Hepatitis C .5 rate in new users . hardly any by other modalities . Howard Josepher--Exponents, Inc.|16:58| Drug policies muddied because Clinton never exhaled | Needle exchange programs work | can only get funding for abstinence messages . Key is engagement of using or abusing addict . If we changed our policies , would be more people taking drugs but would be better than incarcerating . He was rehabilitated @ phoenix house 30 yrs ago from 7 yr Heroin habit Then director of Phoenix house . Community , Social Learning . Arrive program - on released prisoners to stop spread of HIV . - Were doing " Harm Reduction " . Arrive is 1 of 9 progs @ Exponents - Focus was not Abstinence but HIV reduction . Must have place at table for addict . Sally Satel, MD--Oasis Clinic, Washington, DC |17:17| Drug Treatment : Methadone treatment for Hard core users who can`t control selves . Effective ? Qualified Yes . Claims treatment saves money . Dropout rate .8 - .9 . Suffers Retention deficit disorder Hi current use of Cocaine . Robert Newman, MD--President, Continuum Health Partners |17:31| What did I do to be last speaker 5:30 on Friday St Patrick`s day . Used to be just interested in methadone , Now condom for prisoners . Health & Human Services next Surgeons don`t need to wash : germs don`t kill people - MDs do . 20M$ , 2 M people in jail Can`t continue Suppressive Drug Courts clearly maintain current system . .8 -.85 Heroin users who voluntarily apply for treatment cannot get it . Yet force some into . If sickness - if sickness defined as deviant Clinton not inhaling . Notion 60M MJ users Sick nonsensical . Good news - not sick . Bad news - you going back to jail . Mitch Rosenthal Phoenix House : people brought in kicking & screaming . Even methadone treatment patients face , eg inadequate doses . Patient who fails to respond to treatment gets sent back to jail . This unique building : Men`s urinals on ground floor , #2 up stairs . |17:47| _________________________________________ PROGRAM DAY TWO Saturday March 18, 2000 at the Association of the Bar of the City of New York (42 West 44th Street [between Fifth and Sixth Avenues], New York, NY 10036) 8:30 - 9:00 a.m. Registration (for day two only) and continental breakfast buffet 9:00 - 9:10 a.m. Charles D. Adler, Esq., Chair, ABCNY Criminal Law Committee, | (un) Controlled Substances . introducing William E. Hellerstein, Esq. 9:10 - 9:15 a.m. Overview of day two--Jefferson Fish, PhD |9:12| Welcome | most staff time spent trying to invite : Donna Shalala Cuomo , Rangle Lapp , Mullen , Tried as much as possible to get advocates of the current policy . 9:15 - 9:45 a.m. Drug Policy and the Rule of Law--(Chair, Chester Salomon, Esq. ABCNY Committee on Drugs and the Law) |9:15| Very exciting proceedings ystdy . Intro : Chic Law School , 65-66 then undersec of State . 70s - 80s Gen Counsel IBM . Report : A Wiser Choice . Talk Topic : erosion of rule of law . Forfeiture . : Speaker--Former US Attorney General Nicholas deB. Katzenbach |6:17| `67 Johnson`s rpt Crime in a free society . expressed doubt about wisdom of criminalizing drugs . Tough v soft on drugs . Has been rising fear of crime . Drugs largely responsible for rise in Black prison pop . Sentencing Reform Act : Man Mins to make things fair . Judges had had enormous discretion . Judicial discretion - activism . Shifted to Prosecutors . Sentence disparities remain . Judges deferring to Legislature , or trying to evade . Enormous power to Prosecutors & even Police . Could round up sellers on streets w a butterfly net but seldom get to supplier . Transfer digression from open court to closed prosecutors office . Easier to make arrests where market conducive to street distribution rather than private locations . Is destroying our Judicial system . People must See the injustice . 30yrs for < 8 oz Crack Cocaine . Judge Green : Before Man Mins , judges spent moral capital judging , feel loss of ability to do justice . ( reversed on appeal . ) |9:34| 9:45 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. Drug Policy Alternatives I--General Considerations-- (Chair, Jefferson Fish, PhD) Harm Reduction ( Physicians Social Scientists ) prescriptions for each substance . Rights based : Lawyers : Right of individuals - Switzerland Needle park Pub Health . ugly scene . Now clinics . didn`t offend general public . Is fact substance gets you Hi a cost or a bene . Richard M. Evans, Esq.--Voluntary Committee of Lawyers |9:41| 27th yr of Drug War : Issues & options in changing laws . Main Stream Lawyer : Relevant issue : what is issue between Status Quoers & reformers . Title of Conf clear enunciation . But more broadly : what is goal . WoD is effective in Suppressing Minorities . Didn`t hear abt children or testosterone levels in 1st Prohibition . Laws requiring you to pee in a bottle = Sine qua non : essence of prohibition : exercise of power of state to bear on an individual to - in short to deny his liberty . - arresting people . Alternative is Not arresting people - then , what do you do ? Options : Tomato model : be treated as any other agricultural prods decriminalization - tinker . `74 Alaska Supreme CT : Right to Privacy . prohibition apparatus remains on books - Amsterdam . Used to enjoy de-facto non enforcement . Australia - injecting rooms w clean needle . " Had ingesting rooms for yrs . called them pubs " Finally :treat like tobacco . 10k people blinded by bad alcohol during 1st Prohibition . |9:57| Adler : Was Farley right in saying Original Prohibition success ? Not if measure is public health and safety . Lots of things children shouldn`t do , eg sign contracts which are OK for adults . absolutely fallacious that children w get wrong me Pols just want to change subject . Silence is most agonizing . |10:5| Peter Reuter, PhD --University of Maryland Criminologist . Pol power all w Hawks . Intellectuals all un-comfortable . Book : Alternative to Drug war . Analogy : Prohibition 70 yrs ago . `40s - 60s major prohibition : Gambling - was massive illegal mkt . Are harms from dependency creation and from war itself . Harmfulness itself would go down , but would be much more use . Cannot predict Total Harm . Aggregating across very different sorts of harm . How one trade intrusiveness of State v increased intoxication ? Harms born by specific groups . Legalizing coke & H would reduce harm to low income areas . Study to reduce uncertainty of legalization . offer Greenland enough legalize cocaine - No one w go to GL for coke like H addicts flocked to Zurich . But would be irrelevant . |10:23| ?s : Fisher : MJ ? Is easier to push - decriminalization does not change usage much . But full legalization would increase . Australia has state w more reasonable laws . | Aud : children ? | Could drugs be more efficiently distributed than currently is ? 1000$ % kilo , 15000$ in Miami . Price extraordinarily hi . system not efficient . Youth put in adverse circumstances to obtain because of pushing into margins . | Would legalization really increase use ? yes , Gambling : much larger industry than was , but addiction stable . |10:33| 10:30 - 10:45 a.m. Coffee Break 10:45 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Panel on Drug Policy Alternatives II--Differing Proposals (Chair, Mary M. Cleveland, PhD--Schalkenbach Foundation) |10:56| Dif between Bx vs Suburbs where effectively legal if discreet . Michael Massing--author of The Fix : Nixon to Present . |10:58| Rights v PubHealth - late 80s Latin Amer Journalist sent to Colombia Idea of trying to stop doomed . Core of problem Hard Core users Coke , Heroin , Meth - consume 2%3 total consumption . Street 110 & Lex in `92 Heroin intersection . Raphiel Drop in Clinic including alcohol . System almost designed to Not give people help . Rapheal showed effectiveness of outreach . Treatment worse answer except for all the rest . Nixon created DEA . But also promised to bring crime rate down . Erlichman aid Bud Krog looked into drugs - Heroin addicts causing lot of crime . Addiction among GIs . Data showed Methadone reduced crime . Jerome Jaffe was psychopharmicologist rather than General . Treatment available on demand , overdoses , crime , use all went down . Regan reversed . Eliminated access to treatment . |11:11| Drs. Bart Majoor--St. Ann's Corner of Harm Reduction , Bronx | Still waiting for change . Richard Bach `88 : mildest suggestion for change is death threat for status quo . Dutch policy : Soft / Hard distinction . ( have backdoor problem : how supply coffee houses ) Continuum of prevention & care - Harm reduction . Law enforcement aimed at international level marketers . Lifetime prevalence Cannabis : US Neth | .33 .16 | past MO use | .051 .024 H | .009 .003 | drug related Aids .42 .1 | Homicide 8.2 1.8 % 100k Incarceration | 645 73 % 100k | Per Cap spending $81 $27 | Drugs not only problem in lives , personality systems , of problem users . Recommendation : New world consensus : Lift ban o Siring exchange Paraphanelalia , prostitution -so stays visible . Restrictions on housing . Barriers to change : moral/demonized perception of drug use . Fear of change >> need for control . ( He arrested for Fascism - where he lives , is a police state - fantastic show of power External locus of control . Racism Prison/Industrial Complex . Corruption |11:26| Steven Duke, Esq.--Yale Law School | pleasure to be in magnificent building where host position is same as his | Distribute to Children ? LSD in lunch boxes ? | DEA estimates 16M Americans would use coke daily if legalized | Models : Repeal all fed laws back to 1913 & let states handle . Fed role rising . this path inconceivable . Which drug : synthetic as well as natural ? MJ sold next t lettuce Line drawing won`t make sense . Some synthetic opiates too unknown to legalize . Need to unify drug distribution to children - Just enforce residue of sales to children - like gun availability to children . Where use allowed ? like public nudity . By prescription ? not a medical problem . dispensing is not medicine . Who should mfg ? Tort liability Tobacco horrible mess . Will have to give immunity if properly labeled . otherwise tort costs would itself create black mkt . FDA reg of recreational drugs . at least impose labeling reqs . Advertising ? but ads have educational component - prohibit brand names . 37 states now have legalized gambling . Prohibitions ended in 3 yrs . Fall of communism unexpectedly quick . |11:44| David Boaz--Cato Institute | Rights best way to reach max Harm reduction . have Black mkt - crime corruption etc . 1st principal : people have right which gov cannot violate . what more fundamental right than choice of what to put into own body . Constitution : Enumerated or unremunerated rights . Bottom line does it give the Government specific power ? Right to give some people right to use force over others . Presumption to right of individual . At least in 1920 passed amendment . Get rid of black mkt by making free mkt . get price to coordinate supply & demand . Prohibition related crime - no way to settle disputes - turn to gunfire . Free mkt implies right AND responsibility . "Victims" of smoking . They are not Victims . People sense open claim on fed treasury . Could sort of legalize , sort of control - Tax hell out of - starting to get black markets in tobacco . Ban on Ads would not allow safer to be Prescription Medical Mandarinate . Imagine if needed prescription for Beer . Alternative to arresting is not- arrested . Every law means arrest . Alcohol model most likely . Not allow to drive intoxicated . Free Mkt Best alternative . |11:57| Poly : Qs : Dif between Users & Abusers ? MM : NY one of 11 states where MJ technically decriminalized - private use in home just misdemeanor . Did special issue of Nation . Poly : Non abusers coerced into treatment . | How coffee houses supplied ? criminal cartels ? BM : organized in don`t ask , don`t tell - lowered from 30 to 5 grams possession . EU coordination causing criminalization . | Poly : would total harm increase - use vs harm ? SD : if more used MJ would use less alcohol , maybe less hard . Alcohol second to Tobacco . very complicated Q . DB : Harm - how much caused by adulteration , regular supply - vs going on w ordinary life . Been so long since had free mkt - hard to predict . Substitution effect s - tobacco to cocaine - Tobacco effects after 75 . coke earlier . Peter wants to protect son : Lives in WDC not use drugs , but could be victim . BM : 50 yr old cannabis users . Drug tourists - no casualties in 25 yrs . levels of use certainly not higher . 1000 to 1500 who ask for help per yr . .05 - .1 of user pop w get in trouble w it . | .85 of .003 Heroin users get help - context still is Illegal . | Poly : Drug ed in Holland ? BM : repetition - parent involvement . health , relationships . Daughter here had to sign contract at 6yrs old that would never smoke . There just unified in general life ed . SteveDuke : how Dutch not prosecute cafe suppliers ? Supply side still completely illegal because of international treaties . Problem here getting worse . don`t come for services . Dutch - don`t For David : Heroin collapsing on street . Charge ? Adler : none , unless pregnant woman , DB : can`t commerce . |12:30| 12:30 - 1:30 p.m.Buffet lunch at ABCNY 1:30 - 3:00 p.m. Panel on International Dimensions of Drug Policy (Chair, ) |13:41| Norman Segal : Alfred W. McCoy, PhD--University of Wisconsin, Madison | SE Asia Heroin Politics : International : most veritable : opium & Heroin : Coercion and its unintended consequences . Opium production 2200 5300 tons over ~ last 10 yrs . 87 96 , 40000 by 2027 w be same level as 1906 when war began . Over last 200 yrs . 19th cent Imperial trade from highland to urban Asia . Switched to prohibition - global stimulus . US / UN : source country eradication . 10 yr to eradicate all opium starting w Afghanistan . 8th century AD - opium from south mountain zone from Turkey to Thailand Britain forced china to legalize 1858 .27 of population addicted . .58 taxes in Brit Malaysia from Opium . Protestant 1898 - Philippines - outlawed . Harrison Act for Hague conf 1914 . Communists 1949 eliminated Chinese mkt . `50 - `61 Opium outlawed in SE Asia under pressure of UN . Nixon closed Turkey & Marseilles . Invisible dynamics of drug mkt . Turkey only produced .07 of tot Asian supply . every small victory stimulus for series of defeats . NE Burma - Kung Sa Drug lord increased production 5x . Was market response to suppression of Thailand . Smoking was replaced by injecting & AIDS . Pakistan quickly became largest supplier .6 of world mkt . 1000 to 1.5M addicts by `85 . Breakup of CCCP lead to Afghan 10x increase to 4600 ton production H . Burma also became Outlaw state . Guns moving east , H moving west . 10000 tons in 2007 ? |14:01| Polak : Netherlands : Backdoor problem : some municipalities having problem 5grams MJ or hash % purchase after French Chiroc pressure . No legal mkt to provide NeiderHash . Semi Legal Seal - if neighbors complain cafe in trouble . Proposal for closed wholesale mkt . Minister of Justice report due . Backlash fed from US . TV program head of DEA calling them NarcoState . LarryCollins article in Foreign Affairs - very negative on Netherlands policy . Dutch Gov coalition , Christian Dems now out of power since `94 - have picked up drug issue . 2 CD mayors asking for reduction back to 16 from 18 done under Chiroc pressure . Switzerland : more pragmatic than Dutch - more ideological about integration of users . Needle park expensive , not working , so now medicalized . Studied Cannabis : proposed either complete legalization , or if can`t because of international pressure - decriminalization . EU . already some themes on which majority of countries v unanimity on most criminal matters . Commission compared to government but not really . Generally follow UN , but focus on Harm Reduction . Most countries coming in Dutch direction . Sweden most fearing . |14:17| LCDR Sylvester Salcedo, USNR (Ret) Intelligence Officer | Implored Clinton to not escalate war in Colombia . Best time to speak , after lunch , because admirals drowsy . Rafael Flores introduced him to world of outreach & treatment . Michael wrote article Feb 6 Washington Post abt letter Jan 6 . Returning metal 1.3B$ propose . Soln should be applied here . Nixon`s policy worked . Amnesty . Was feeling very lonely when drafting letter . Wonderful to meet all at conference who are doing so much Bad news : non disclosure agreement irrelevant . Supplemental approps republicans intent on passing : .85 w go 30 blackhawk , 33 huey helicopters . doesn`t make military sense . 40 yr old civil war . can only use in anti-drug actions , not anti-insurgency . 1.3 may have grown to 1.7B$ . Not being isolationist . Lot of Colombia fed up w violence . Message that we send Another Vietnam . Don`t want another RobertMcNamara ruing errors of pointless past war . Philippino American : closer to Latino community than Asian . Philippino not Hiea - shame to family or anyone else . Common goals for commonweal . |14:37| Ethan Nadelmann, JD, PhD--Lindesmith Center | Coming out speech . worked in State Dept : Drug related money laundry . `85 article Drug policy . Defense Intelligence - after lunch on second day . Dissertation Told 200 agents were same as Prohibition Agents . People here mainly supportive - Q how get there ? Where going . How can evolve in more positive direction ? We know source suppression continues to fail . Global commodity mkt . Don`t let economist anywhere near problem . CIA had to 3x estimates of Colombia - Simple economics . Global prohibition . Internationalist . Prohibition is the flipside of un-control . 400B$ .07 of global GNP WW . Corruption at all levels . Consumption goes back thousands of years . No Berlin wall which will fall . Needs to be unraveling . No short term solutions - just steps . System has to be identified as prohibitionist regime . Call it PROHIBITION . distinguish between abuse problem & Prohibition problems . Long term goal not simple free market . Harm reduction model . Small Steps . Drug court phenomena good or bad ? Harm Reduction : bicycle helmet , seat belts . goal reduce drug harm goal not quantity of use . Legalization optimal path . Moral : drug use not grounds for judgment - behavior is . Ability to survey even the contents of our own bodies . ( not here - had accident ) Ted Galen Carpenter, PhD--Cato Institute |15:0| Qs : SS , What were your ops ? ElPaso Joint cmd . Several programs . Reserve intelligence . Information gathering . Posse Comitatus act - no domestic use of Army . JohnPerry : How do we spread msg to prohibition side ? EN : Med MJ crucially important . 1st issue where people saw war go too far . Brought place at table . Now in play 2 ) Needle exchange - had to look at junkies as partners to reduce deadly decease . 3) Methadone Heroin maintenance - win win . crime reduction . Europe changing rapidly . 4) Drug war pivotally depends on war on MJ . Freek Polak : In Netherlands , not yet gotten agreement of MDs . Eric Stirling : Msg has to come from some other source . - Union leaders . Financial - money laundry . | McCoy : Aunt Marie had Women`s Repeal League . Marginalized groups against massed police . Fight for repeal was deep and hard . Opium in Latin America . Colombia has now gone into production . maintenance drug . Whole drug war assumes inelastisity of market . As the vise of coercion squeezes , the commodity oozes sideways elsewhere NS : Condor Low quantity Buy & Bust . death on 8th ave . |15:19| 3:00 - 3:15 p.m. Coffee Break |15:40| 3:15 - 5:00 p.m. Panel on Drug Policy and the Media (Chair, Sonya Hamlin-- Sonya Hamlin Communications) Public not here . Us already sold . Failure stats : U of C Law review : winter `98 - forfeiture 15B$ Fed 33B$ State | 1.5 drug arrests . .5M MJ . How come public not know this . General public uniformly prejudice . Mimi Rosenberg Pacifica WBAI Lawyer . Cohost : Building Bridges community & labor report : & Legal Aid Society . Village Voice . Haitian patrolled time sq area gunned down by officers looking like thugs . Control of populations & power . Media & Legal Aid - can disassemble 715M$ 215000 . Possession Patrick was killed because of Mr Giuliani`s marijuana policies . CA , 1 strike your out policy . 25 - Life at age 14 . George Orwell : The process has to be conscious to tell deliberate lies to . Racial Dualism : Inherently criminal Malcolm Ferguson last week . Glitz appeal . Officer Sibowitz - to rant against Legal Aid . Individuals in Police act on racial profiles . Medias abstract . Black Communities armed - - by police . Study on Media : PLNDP : treatment more cost effective , treatable , affluent most likely addicted . .6 Study : Pub not think War working , but don`t want to decriminalize Larry Davis trafficking for police Gary Web : Contragate kept out of Costa Rica - White house coke traffic Why Media failure to report . Editorial prestige . Kathern Graham : Press right to suppress on side of Govt Peter Kerr--Phoenix House Foundation - VP PR . Will the networks carry ex- NY Times |15:45| Most answers still ideologically charged . coke / crack death peak in `86 . Use down then plateaued . Can`t just assume War lost . Jesse Jackson talked to Rosenthal @ Times - Rock crack in Washington Heights . `86 inside crack house . Len Bias died . PK rode wave of reporting . close relationship w police . Thailand . Agents buckling seat belt on way back from border mission . Scared of not having structure . Hard to sell same stories used to sell easily . Need for treatment . Issues linked to Education , Cost . |16:14| Dan Forbes--Salon.com | Paucity of Research underlying anti-drug ads . 2000 Jan 13 . White House hooked 1B$ buy w covert ads in Sitcoms . Saturday Night comes but once a week . Hang in there . Thanks Tom Haines & Poly Clevland . Testified before Senate : bullied way onto panel . Nighthorse Campbell ( R - CO ). Dorgan ( Dem ND ) admin apologist . Brand Media week `88 . PartnershipDrugFreeAmerica . Effects of ads . Had psych stats - article rejected . Prof Lloyd Johnson : effect of ads Half of teen users supposed to have stopped . PDFA sent 16 page letter castigating . Had interview w Allen Levin - WH media drug rep . waited yr til manifest . 1500 calls to 200 people in Hollywood - sneak , cajole way to phone which rings on desk . Got 3 min interviews . Media Week sat on story . New article coming out in Salon . Strict fact checking . Media Week would only publish if not neg on media or gov . Like Beauty contest where looks don`t count . Guy at Rolling Stone also on story . Salon.com finally picked up White House , TV & Drugs . Major media chagrined as hell that staff didn`t get themselves . Then on CNN - off after half hour . Dependent on BAI . NPR did whitewash . Why did Gov do this ? Embedded msg : Favorite character modeling approved behavior . ( when does experimentation become use ? ) 7th heaven - council kid to be narc . | Dawson Creek . Tried to question McCafrey - Podium Basketball interference . Hemp Legalization Internet site - Media Awareness project . Still occurring - are continuing to pre-approve scripts . Financial incentives still in place . 90210 - |16:45| Qs : How many approached ? Rolling Stone - already had someone working on . New Yorker too slow . | How many people w be in prison when War won ? PK : Destructive process not so much law as coke & Heroin - removing law will not remove problem . Laws have not been good social policy . Inside prison worse . Separating addicts from drugs thru treatment is only soln . | how reach pop ? MR : won`t happen thru mass media Internet , Labor press Web - FCC micro broadcasting . Web is making pressure . Pacifica Internet project . Demand of City counsel candidates . What are effective strategies for drug demand reduction ? PK : good info available at right age . Freshman yr . 1-800-DrugHelp.com(?) interactive site . DF : know what does not work ? fear . Word Buzz never mentioned . unreality not playing w kids . lot of scoffing . |16:59| NOT : Arianna Huffington--author of How to Overthrow the Government |17:0| Do annually ? |17:03| Open mike : | MR : Racial bias endemic . Howard Jospher : Political action . NY 1st w mandatory law 22 yr olds son afraid . Crim Justice Alliance = lobby day Tuesday to Albany . 3 mis May 8 Rockefeller Linda smith Debra Small dsmall@ soros.org | almost run for council - Camden spent 100k$ on VCL overturn of alcohol prohibition . Tom Haines : turn around politicians . Bar association | Bank didn`t want to touch funding of this meeting . Any pol who disagrees 3rd rail . get quiet cooperation . 5:00 - 5:30 p.m. Questions and discussion from audience and speakers about anything relevant to any aspect of the Conference _________________________________________ REGISTRATION INFORMATION Advance registration, by Monday, March 13 For both days, $30 ($20 for students). For single days, $20 per day ($15 for students). Includes lunch. Send check made out to NYAS to: Henry Moss, NYAS, 2 East 63rd Street, New York NY 10021 Credit card registration accepted Registration at the door, 8:30 AM, both days $20 per day ($15 for students). Includes lunch. More information: Call Jefferson Fish at (718) 990-1547, Valerie Vande Panne at (212) 362-1964, Henry Moss at (212) 838-0230 x 410